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Philosophy

Essays and videos on philosophy, the history of ideas, ethics and life’s big questions
Abstract painting of two distorted faces with geometric shapes in orange, purple and brown tones.

essay

Psychiatry and psychotherapy

Psychodynamic nonsense

For twenty years, I was a practising psychotherapist. Today I believe it has no foundation in science and often causes harm

Niklas Serning

Photo of a giraffe seen through an arched doorway with brick and blue tiled walls in a zoo environment.

video

Animals and humans

Are zoos and natural history museums born of a desire to understand, or to control?

57 minutes

Two weathered, clay duck sculptures facing each other against a grey background.

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Metaphysics

The truth about fiction

What distinguishes fiction from nonfiction? The answer to this perennial question relies on how we understand reality itself

Hannah H Kim

Photograph of two silhouetted figures on a sunlit path surrounded by dark geometric shadows and structures.

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Knowledge

The penumbral plunge

Diving into the ring of darkness beyond things easily answerable, asking ‘Why?’ questions is what make humans awesome

Eric Schwitzgebel

Illustration of a hand dropping a coin into another hand within an eye-shaped frame on a textured background.

video

Virtues and vices

Why Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Adam Smith were divided on the virtues of vanity

5 minutes

A masked nurse in scrubs sitting in a hospital waiting area.

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Bioethics

Moral resilience

Nurses experience deep suffering when they can’t act according to their moral compass. Our research shows a way forward

Cynda Hylton Rushton

Painting of a bustling 17th-century market square with people, horses and a church, surrounded by historic buildings and boats on a waterway.

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Global history

There are no pure cultures

All of our religions, stories, languages and norms were muddled and mixed through mobility and exchange throughout history

Inanna Hamati-Ataya

Painting of a stormy sea with two sailing ships in distress and people struggling on the rocky shore.

video

Beauty and aesthetics

In art, the sublime is a feedback loop, evolving with whatever’s next to threaten us

9 minutes

Photo of three vertical beams of red laser light in a dark room creating a glowing effect on the floor.

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Philosophy of science

Aha = wow

We surveyed thousands of scientists in four countries and learned just how important beauty is to them

Bridget Ritz & Brandon Vaidyanathan

Painting of a historic city square with a tall clock tower, statues, carriages, and groups of people in period clothing.

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History

Why history is always political

In his work on republicanism as a living idea, J G A Pocock showed that contesting history is part of a robust civic life

Rosario López

Digital artwork of a forest inside a circular frame with geometric lines, displayed against a black background.

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Stories and literature

Laboratories of the impossible

By testing the boundaries of reality, Spanish-language authors have created a sublime counterpart to experimental physics

Joshua Roebke

Photo of Daniel Dennett looking to the side with a white beard and glasses wearing a suit against a black background.

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Philosophy of mind

The stories of Daniel Dennett

Often metaphorical and allusive, the philosopher’s work will long be remembered for how it grappled with everyday thought

Tim Bayne

Ancient fresco showing two figures in flowing robes dancing against a dark blue background, one holding a tambourine.

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Dance and theatre

Why the old man dances

Religious ritual to appease the gods or free expression of human agency? For the ancient Romans, dance could be both

Karin Schlapbach

Cartoon of three surgeons wearing scrubs and masks performing surgery on a patient, with surgical lights overhead.

video

Bioethics

What a 1970 experiment reveals about the possibility and perils of ‘head transplants’

6 minutes

Abstract painting with geometric shapes, lines and circles in various colours on a beige background.

video

Beauty and aesthetics

Can you see music in this painting? How synaesthesia fuelled Kandinsky’s art

10 minutes

Black and white photo of three people seated at an outdoor café table.

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Political philosophy

The underground university

During the Cold War, Oxford philosophers worked together to aid dissidents behind the Iron Curtain. I was one of them

Cheryl Misak

Abstract photo of tree branches with a dreamy overlay of yellow and blue light creating a soft, ethereal effect.

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Metaphysics

Many worlds, many selves

If it’s true that we live in a vast multiverse, then our understanding of identity, morality and even God must be reexamined

Emily Qureshi-Hurst

Historic photo of a large crowd gathered outside a gated building surrounded by trees, while two women in long dresses approach them from the building.

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Thinkers and theories

Who can claim Aristotle?

The endless battle over his legacy testifies to his great authority – and the power of his thought to make the world better

Edith Hall

Ancient stone statues depicting a standing and a reclining Buddha against a natural rock backdrop.

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Philosophy of religion

Compassionate time

On his final journey through Asia, Thomas Merton found some peace in the dialectic between refusing the world and loving it

Drew Calvert

A wooden cabin on a grassy hill with a mountainous backdrop and cloudy sky in the distance.

video

Knowledge

Why it takes more than a lifetime to truly understand a single meadow

11 minutes

Illustration of a child holding a shell to their ear with a bird singing on a branch amidst abstract greenery and flowers.

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Bioethics

The cochlear question

As the hearing parent of a deaf baby, I’m confronted with an agonising decision: should I give her an implant to help her hear?

Abi Stephenson

A solitary figure walking up misty stairs toward an unclear building, creating a mysterious atmosphere.

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Philosophy of science

The nature of natural laws

Physicists and philosophers today have formulated three opposing models that explain how laws work. Which is the best?

Mario Hubert

Black-and-white photo of a man speaking into microphones held by the press outside a building, with a woman smiling at him in the background.

video

Political philosophy

The radical activist couple who fought for social change in the courtroom

21 minutes

A man floating in the sea beneath a dramatic, stormy sky with large, dark clouds.

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Technology and the self

We need raw awe

In this tech-vexed age, our life on screens prevents us from experiencing the mysteries and transformative wonder of life

Kirk Schneider